Study of Climatic Variability in India- A Review

Haressh Kumar; SHAKTI SURYAVANSHI; NITIN JOSHI

CALL FOR PAPERS : Feb-2026

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25-Feb-26

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Study of Climatic Variability in India- A Review

Author(s):

Haressh Kumar , SHIATS, ALLAHABAD; SHAKTI SURYAVANSHI, SHIATS, ALLAHABAD; NITIN JOSHI, IES IPS ACADEMY, INDORE

Keywords:

climate variability, Indian climate, PRECIS, climate change

Abstract:

The article reviews the issue of climate variability in the Indian context. In India, it is importance of studying climate variability and future climate change at local levels, given the substantial climatic variations across time and space. Climate variability refers to short-term (daily, seasonal, annual, inter-annual, several years) variations in climate, including the fluctuations associated with El Niño (dry) or La Niña (wet) events. Climate Variability may occur due to internal variability (natural internal processes within the climate system) or from the external variable (variations in natural or anthropogenic external forces). Internal variability is present on all time scales. Atmospheric processes that generate internal variability operate on time scales ranging from virtually instantaneous (condensation of water vapour in clouds) to long time scales (troposphere-stratosphere or inter-hemispheric exchange, ocean and the large ice sheets). In addition, internal variability is produced by coupling interactions between components, such as is the case with the El-Niño Southern Oscillation. There is consensus that climate change has set in, but it is not only a rise in temperature and rainfall; rather decrease in temperature and rainfall has also been projected. In this review paper, we discuss the results of regional climate model simulations for India, based on the second generation Hadley Centre regional climate model known as PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies). An evaluation of the model skills and biases is made by comparing with observed precipitation and temperature patterns with those in the baseline simulation.